Use the carousel below to explore the different topics related to data center development in Wisconsin. Some items link to external resources that you can click to learn more.
Click through each panel to read a brief overview.
Scientists in Wisconsin are studying how large data centers affect environmental systems, infrastructure, and nearby communities. Their research aims to identify patterns and uncertainties: what is known, what is debated, and what remains unclear as these facilities expand across different regions.
Researchers collect data from sites where data centers are planned or operating. They measure how facilities interact with energy grids, water supplies, air quality, and land. Some effects may be modest and manageable; others may place stress on local systems, depending on community size and existing infrastructure.
Studies suggest that data centers can increase local electricity demand, draw significant water for cooling, affect air quality, and produce constant noise.
However, scientists note that impacts vary widely by location, technology choice, and regulation. Newer facilities may adopt more efficient cooling systems, while others rely on older technologies that use more water or energy. Uncertainties remain about long-term cumulative impacts and how communities adapt over time.
Research shows that some communities have stronger utility systems and technical expertise to manage new demand, while others may not. These differences can shape whether the benefits of data centers, such as tax revenue or infrastructure upgrades, outweigh potential burdens.
Scientists aim to provide clear evidence to help communities and policymakers weigh trade-offs, assess uncertainties, and plan for long-term sustainability. Their focus is not to promote or oppose development but to explain how local conditions influence outcomes and what questions remain unanswered.
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Step 2: Solutions
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Step 3: Quick Poll
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Step 4: Engagement Timeline
👉 Review the data center development timeline and share what an ideal engagement timeline and successful community engagement would look like.
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Timeline item 1 - incomplete
Early Planning & Site Search
Companies look for places where a data center could be built.
Timeline item 2 - incomplete
Proposal & Community Notice
A proposed location is shared and basic information becomes public.
Timeline item 3 - incomplete
Permits & Environmental Review
Officials review the project, check rules, and study possible impacts.
Timeline item 4 - incomplete
Construction & Setup
Buildings go up and systems (electric, water, cooling) are installed.
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Operations & Monitoring
The data center runs and impacts are monitored over time.
We recognize and respect the inherent sovereignty of the Ho-Chunk Nation and the other 11 First Nations within the boundaries of the state of Wisconsin.
More on how the University of Wisconsin’s efforts on engagement, inclusion, and diversity can be found here: union.wisc.edu/about/land-acknowledgement
